Ukuhlolwa Kwekhwalithi/Ukuhlola
Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCB kuqhuba izivivinyo ezihlukahlukene kumabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi nokusebenza kwawo, kuqinisekiswe ukuqedwa okunembile kwanoma yikuphi ukukhubazeka noma izinkinga ezingase zenzeke phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza, kunquma ukuthi zingahlangabezana yini nokucaciswa nokusebenza, kuyilapho kuthuthukiswa ukusebenza kahle okuphelele nokunciphisa izindleko.Izindleko zokugcina.
Singahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezihlukahlukene zokuhlola i-PCB, okuhlanganisa:
Ukuhlola Mathupha/Okubukwayo:Sibe nabahloli be-PCB abanolwazi abahlanganisa ukuhlola okubonakalayo okwenziwa ngesandla ezivivinyweni eziningi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwama-PCB nezingxenye zawo, ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Microscopic slice:Ukuhlolwa kocezu lwe-PCB kubandakanya ukusika ibhodi lesekhethi libe izingxenye ezincane ukuze libhekwe futhi lihlaziywe, ukuze kutholakale izinkinga ezingaba khona kanye nokukhubazeka.
Ukuhlolwa kwezingcezu kuvame ukwenziwa ezigabeni zokuqala zokwenziwa kwebhodi lesekethe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholwa kanye nokulungiswa kwezinkinga ngesikhathi sokuklama nokukhiqiza.Le ndlela ingahlola ukushisela, ukuxhunywa kwama-interlayer, ukunemba kukagesi, nezinye izinkinga.Lapho kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwe-biopsy, isibonakhulu noma isibonakhulu se-electron yokuskena kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukubuka nokuhlaziya izingcezu.
Ukuhlolwa kukagesi kwe-PCB:Ukuhlolwa kukagesi kwe-PCB kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amapharamitha kagesi nokusebenza kwebhodi lesifunda kuyahlangabezana yini nokulindelwe, futhi kungaphinda kuhlonze amaphutha nezinkinga ezingaba khona.
Ukuhlolwa kukagesi kwe-PCB kuvame ukuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kokuxhumana, ukuhlolwa kokumelana, ukuhlolwa kwamandla, ukuhlolwa kwe-impedance, ukuhlolwa kobuqotho besignali, nokuhlola ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Ukuhlolwa kukagesi kwe-PCB kungasebenzisa amathuluzi okuhlola ahlukene nezindlela, ezifana nemishini yokuhlola, ama-multimeter edijithali, ama-oscilloscopes, ama-spectrum analyzer, njll. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa izorekhodwa embikweni wokuhlola ukuze ihlolwe futhi ilungiswe ibhodi lesifunda.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-AOI:Ukuhlolwa kwe-AOI (I-Automated Optical Inspection) kuyindlela yokuthola ngokuzenzakalelayo amabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokubona.Ingasetshenziselwa ukubona ngokushesha amaphutha nezinkinga enqubweni yokukhiqiza yamabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe, ukugwema amaphutha ekukhiqizeni umkhiqizo, nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe.Ikhwalithi ethembekile, ukunciphisa amazinga okuhluleka, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nesivuno somkhiqizo.
Ekuhlolweni kwe-AOI, izisetshenziswa ezithile zokubona ezifana namakhamera anokulungiswa okuphezulu, imithombo yokukhanya, nesofthiwe yokucubungula izithombe isetshenziselwa ukuskena nokuthwebula izithombe ze-PCB ekhiqiziwe, bese izithombe ezithathiwe ziqhathaniswa nesifanekiso esisethiwe.Yebo, ukuthola ngokuzenzakalelayo ukukhubazeka okungenzeka nezinkinga, okuhlanganisa amalunga e-solder, izingxenye, amasekhethi amafushane namasekhethi avulekile, ukunemba, ukonakala kwendawo, njll.
I-ICT:In Circuit Test isetshenziselwa ukuhlola izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi nokusebenza koxhumano lwesekethe ebhodini lesifunda.Ukuhlolwa kwe-ICT kungenziwa ezigabeni ezihlukene zokukhiqizwa kwe-PCB, njengangemuva kokukhiqizwa kwe-PCB, ngaphambi noma ngemva kokufakwa kwengxenye, ukuze kutholakale ngokushesha futhi kulungiswe izinkinga ebhodini lesekethe futhi kuzisingathwe ngesikhathi esifanele.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-ICT kusebenzisa okokusebenza kokuhlola okukhethekile kanye nesofthiwe ukuhlola ngokuzenzakalelayo izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi nezixhumi kuma-PCB.Imishini yokuhlola ithintana namaphoyinti okuhlola ebhodini lesifunda ngokusebenzisa ama-probe nama-clamp ukuze kutholwe izici zikagesi zezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ebhodini lesifunda, njengama-resistors, ama-capacitor, ama-inductors, ama-transistors, njll. Kungenzeka futhi ukuhlola ibhodi lesifunda ukuze qinisekisa ukuthi izixhumi zayo zikagesi zisebenza ngendlela eklanywe ngayo.
Ukuhlolwa Kwenaliti Endizayo:I-Flying Needle Test isebenzisa isistimu ye-othomathikhi ye-probe ukuhlola uxhumo lwesekethe nemisebenzi ku-PCB.Le ndlela yokuhlola ayidingi ukulungisa ezibizayo nesikhathi sohlelo, kodwa esikhundleni salokho isebenzisa ama-probes asusekayo ukuze ithinte indawo ye-PCB ukuze ihlole ukuxhumana kwesekethe namanye amapharamitha.
Ukuhlola inaliti endizayo kuyindlela yokuhlola engathinteki engahlola noma iyiphi indawo yebhodi lesifunda, okuhlanganisa namabhodi esekethe amancane naminyene.Izinzuzo zale ndlela yokuhlola izindleko eziphansi zokuhlola, isikhathi sokuhlola esifushane, ukuba lula kwezinguquko zedizayini yesifunda, nokuhlola isampula okusheshayo.
Ukuhlolwa kwesekethe okusebenzayo:Ukuhlolwa kwesekethe okusebenzayo kuyindlela yokwenza ukuhlola okusebenzayo ku-PCB ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umklamo wayo uyahlangabezana yini nokucaciswa kanye nezidingo.Kuyindlela yokuhlola ebanzi engasetshenziswa ukuhlola ukusebenza, ikhwalithi yesiginali, uxhumo lwesekethe, neminye imisebenzi yama-PCB.
Ukuhlolwa kwesekethe okusebenzayo ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngemva kokuba izintambo ze-PCB seziqediwe, kusetshenziswa izinto zokuhlola nezinhlelo zokuhlola ukulingisa izimo zokusebenza zangempela ze-PCB nokuhlola impendulo yayo ngaphansi kwezindlela zokusebenza ezihlukene.Uhlelo lokuhlola lungasetshenziswa ngohlelo lwesofthiwe, olungahlola imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ye-PCB, okuhlanganisa okokufaka/okuphumayo, isikhathi, amandla kagesi kagesi, amapharamitha wamanje neminye.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, leli khasi lingakwazi ukubona izinkinga eziningi ezingaba khona ngama-PCB, njengamasekhethi amafushane, amasekhethi avulekile, ukuxhumana okungalungile, njll., futhi lingathola ngokushesha futhi lilungise lezi zinkinga ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza nokuthembeka kwama-PCB.
Ukuhlolwa kwesekethe okusebenzayo kuyindlela yokuhlola eyenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo edinga ukuhlela kanye nedizayini yokuhlola ye-PCB ngayinye.Ngakho-ke, izindleko ziphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa, kodwa zinganikeza imiphumela yokuhlola ebanzi, enembile, nethembekile.
